There are many species of pet bird and each will have fairly specific requirements when it comes to the proper size and type of bird cage. However, there are some general factors to consider to help you choose a safe, comfortable, and convenient cage no matter what kind of pet bird you have.
Size
Get the largest cage you can find for your bird. Minimum cage size recommendations are the absolute smallest size cage your bird can live in. Usually, the largest cage you can get is the best, so long as the cage design and bar spacing is appropriate for your bird (for example, a parrot cage with wide bar spacing is not appropriate for a canary). Finches and doves thrive in aviary or flight cages if this is possible in your home.
Cage Shape
For most birds, avoid cylindrical cages as they tend to be too small (also, some birds feel insecure in cylindrical cages). For small birds, the length of the cage is more important than the height, since they get most of their exercise flying within the cage (and bird flight is more side to side than up and down). For large parrots, taller cages are fine since the extra height does provide exercise by climbing although they still need to be wide to allow stretching and room to play.Bar Spacing and Orientation
The spacing of the cage bars or wire is extrememly important for your bird's safety. Inappropriate spacing may cause your bird to get its head, wings, beak or feet, caught in the bars, which can be fatal. For parrots the bars should have a horizonal orientation to allow the bird the ability to climb on the sides of the cage. For species that don't naturally use their beaks to climb (finches, canaries, doves) the bar orientation isn't as important. See "Cage Size and Spacing" for more detail.
Quality
Buy the best quality cage you can find. Well-made cages of high quality materials are expensive but are often safer and will be worth it over the life span of your bird. Stainless steel or powder coated wrought iron cages are generally safer (non-toxic materials), and are more durable and look nice longer than cheaper wire or wire and plastic cages. Remember, a large bird cage will be a prominent part of your home decor!Safety
As with bar spacing, your birds head, wings, feet or beak may get caught in other features of the cage. Avoid cages with fancy scroll work or intricate designs, and beware of beware of doors, latches and other cage parts that could trap your bird. Lead and zinc content in cages has also been a problem, especially older or painted cages. Galvanized wire contains zinc and should be avoided, and beware of zinc in components such as hinges and latches. Also watch for sharp edges on cage parts.
Easy to Maintain
You will want a cage that is easy to keep clean and maintain. Look for a pull out tray to make cleaning the bottom of the cage a breeze to clean. The doors of the cage should not only allow easy access for your bird, but also easy access for thorough cleaning. In addition, food and water dishes that can be easily removed and replaced without opening the main door of the cage are ideal. Stainless steel and wrought iron cages are easier to clean and keep in good shape than cheaper cages.Perches and Accessories
Perches should be appropriately sized for your bird, but provide perches of varying diameters to help prevent foot problems. Wooden dowel style perches are fine (use a couple of sizes) but for variety add some natural branch style perches in different sizes too. Make sure there is a perch near each food dish, and at different heights of the cage. Choose stainless steel or porcelain food and water dishes if possible as these are more durable and easier to clean than plastic.Secure Door
The cage door should have a bird-proof latch to prevent escapes. Don't underestimate the cleverness and strength of your bird, especially the larger parrots!
